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Plötzensee Prison
Plötzensee Prison ((ドイツ語:Justizvollzugsanstalt Plötzensee), JVA Plötzensee) is a men's prison in the Charlottenburg-Nord locality of Berlin with a capacity for 577 prisoners, operated by the State of Berlin Department of Corrections. The detention centre established in 1868 has a long history; it became notorious during the Nazi era as one of the main sites of capital punishment, where about 3,000 inmates were executed. Famous inmates include East Germany's last communist leader Egon Krenz.
==History==
The prison was founded by resolution of the Prussian government under King William I and built until 1879 on the estates of the Plötzensee manor, named after nearby Plötzensee Lake (''Plötze'' is the local German name of the common roach, cf. ''Płoć'' in Polish). The area divided by the Berlin-Spandau Ship Canal opened in 1859 was located at the outskirts of the Tegel forest northwest of the Berlin city limits in the Province of Brandenburg. The theologian Johann Hinrich Wichern had established the Evangelical ''Johannesstift'' borstal nearby, which in 1905 moved to Spandau–Hakenfelde. In 1915 the lands east of the canal with Plötzensee Lake were incorporated into Berlin (the present-day Wedding district), the remaining area around the prison walls became part of the Berlin Charlottenburg borough upon the 1920 Greater Berlin Act. Since 2004 it belongs to the Charlottenburg-Nord locality.
The original name of what is today ''Haus 1'' was ''Strafgefängnis Plötzensee'', which also translates to Plötzensee Prison. Up to 1,400 inmates lived on premises of including a church and a Jewish prayer area, then the largest prison of the German Empire. After World War II the buildings demolished by the bombing of Berlin were rebuilt and housed a youth detention center (''Jugendstrafanstalt Berlin'') for offenders between the ages of 14 and 21. When it in 1987 moved to a newly built annex on Friedrich-Olbricht-Damm in the west, ''Haus 1'' of Plötzensee Prison again became a men's prison with capacity for 577 inmates.〔(Historisches )〕 Upon the end of the Cold War and German reunification, the last communist East German leader Egon Krenz, convicted for manslaughter by ''Schießbefehl'' order at the Berlin Wall, from 2000 until 2003 served his sentence there.〔http://www.nytimes.com/2000/01/25/world/world-briefing.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm〕 Today about one third of the inmates are incarcerated for repeated fare evasion.
In 1983 a modern women's prison was built south of Friedrich-Olbricht-Damm on the Bundesautobahn 100 (''Stadtring'') highway, since 1998 it houses the ''JVA Charlottenburg'' for about 300 adult male prisoners, mainly drug addicts.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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